Questions

1. Children's education in England is normally divided into two separate stages. They begin with primary education at the age of five and this usually lasts until they are eleven. Then they move to secondary school, there they stay until they reach sixteen, seventeen or eighteen years of age.
The main categories of school are:-

• local authority maintained schools (State Schools)
  Free to all children between the ages of 5 - 16 
• independent schools. (Private/Public Schools)
  Parents pay for their children's' education.

2, 3  

Educational Institutions in Order	England	the USA
1	primary school (age 5)	elementary school (age 6)
2	Secondary school\Comprehensive School (afe of11-16)	Junior High School (age 11)
3	GCSE examinations (age 16)	Senior High School (age 14)
4	college or university (age 18	High school (age 18): The First year – freshman The Second year- sophomores The Third Year-Juniors The Fourth Year - Seniors
6		High School graduators: -college (4 year course) -university (4 year course) -junior college (2 year course)

4.Two public examinations are set, on completion of the compulsory cycle of education at the age of sixteen, and on completion of the two voluntary years at the age of eighteen. At sixteen pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), introduced in 1989. It replaced two previous examinations: the Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE), which indicated satisfactory completion of secondary education, and the General Certificate of Education (GCE) which was for higher academic achievers.Pupils sit for the GCSE exams at the end of the 5-year course. They usually take as many subjects as possible. Weak students may only sit for three or four subjects. Better students will take ten subjects.  So pupils in Britain leave school at the age of 16 with examination certificates in the individual subjects they have passed.More ambitious pupils continue with very specialized studies in the sixth form. They remain at school for two more years and take their A-level examinations.

5. A-level exam

6. The National Curriculum was introduced into England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a nationwide curriculum for primary and secondary state schools following the Education Reform Act 1988. Notwithstanding its name, it does not apply to independent schools, which may set their own curricula, but it ensures that state schools of all Local Education Authorities have a common curriculum. Academies, while publicly funded, have a significant degree of autonomy in deviating from the National Curriculum.Whilst only certain subjects were included at first in subsequent years the curriculum grew to fill the entire teaching time of most state schools.

7. Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 17

8. The traditional subjects for elementary school students are called the three Rs: reading, writing, and arithmetic. In addition, the students study other subjects, such as history and geography, and are given a chance to do creative activities and sports. It is thought to be important to give children the chance to study as many subjects as possible, so that whatever their natural skills are they will have the chance to develop them. Students at junior high school take different lessons from different teachers who are specialists in their subjects. Students are required to study certain subjects, but they can choose which classes they take. At high school, students may take technical subjects such as computer programming alongside academic subjects. As in elementary school the aim is to help children develop their natural potential.

9. Some schools are now abandoning entrance exams and accept students on the basis of their previous results or an interview, during which they examine the child’s interest in the chosen field.

10. . Students continue to study subjects in the National Curriculum and take SATs at 14, and then work towards GCSEs in as many subjects as they can manage, often eight or ten. Students who hope to go to university stay on at school or go to a sixth-form college to study for A-levels in two, three or four subjects. Some secondary schools now offer more practical courses leading to GNVQs as an introduction to work-related skills.In Scotland students take the Scottish Certificate of Education (SCE). The standard grade, which is roughly equivalent to GCSE, is taken at 16 at one of three levels, and the higher grade is taken at 17. Students take five or six subjects as Highers and may then take A levels.

11. Independent schools are uniquely positioned to make a difference in the public domain. Given the societal turf independent schools occupy, the considerable resources they command, and the powerful network of caring and influential people they attract. Pupils at independent schools show greater improvement in the examination results than those at state-maintained schools. In later life, those educated outside the state-maintained system dominate the sources of state power and authority in government, law, the armed forces and finance.

12. Compulsory national curriculum subjects are:

• English
• maths
• science
• history
• geography
• modern foreign languages
• design and technology
• art and design
• music
• physical education
• citizenship
• information and communication technology (ICT)

The compulsory national curriculum subjects are the ‘core’ and ‘foundation’ subjects.

Core subjects are:

• English
• maths
• science

Foundation subjects are:

• information and communication technology (ICT)
• physical education
• citizenship

13. As public schools debated what to do with their new academic freedom, private schools and preschools became centers of innovation, with programs rediscovering prerevolutionary pedagogy and freely borrowing teaching methods from Western Europe and the United States. Serving largely Western-oriented families intent on making progress up the newly reconstructed social ladder, private schools emphasize learning English and other critical skills. 

14.They are pupils whose behavior is anti-social, aggressive, abnormal and whos ability is not equal to the tasks imposed.

15. Teaching is a career that provides challenges, excitement, personal reward and a chance to encourage and support others to achieve their goals.

There are many personal qualities and skills that make someone a good teacher.

These include:

·                 being good at explaining things

·                 being a people person and enjoy working with a wide range of people

·                 enthusiasm

·                 having a strong knowledge in particular subject areas

·                 being a good time manager

·                 ability to work in a team as well as using your own initiative

·                 keeping your cool under pressure

·                 having patience and a good sense of humour

·                 being fair-minded

·                 coping well with change

·                 enjoying a challenge.

16. memorable – the history lessons

Exciting-the last bell

Painful – I don’t habe such experience

17.I feel very very nervous I can’t even to talk in usual way with my parents. Chill usually runs down mu back.

18. Of course, written one because Iin this case I feel more comfortable as I have tima and ability to focus on my thoughts and use all my knowledge.

19. I am always the first in any of my exams because in other case I can’t bother tension.

20.I use it only for writing down my answers

21. I always feel nervuous in this case and as a result I can’t concentrne on my writing because I guesse what a teacher is thinking about what I have written.

22. I never use crib because I don’t see any use of it. I rely always only on my own knowledge.

23.i always panic before the exam but then, from the moment I enter the examination class the panic disappears.

24, Now I don’t because a teacher may easile find it out and as a result you may have big problems. As for me, I m not uset to rely on other students.

25. the most difficult thing is to see that while you are answering the exam question, a teacher is writing down (something unpleasant, I am always sure in it), Besides, it is a problem to answer to some additional question for me because I feel lack of confidence in this situation.

26. Private schools usually have greater access to resources and technology than public schools, according to the University of Michigan. Private schools usually have a smaller student body, and a lower teacher-to-pupil ratio than public schools.The Broad Foundation stated that unlike public schools, private schools have far less bureaucracy. The final say is at the school level, not the district level. Private schools tend to have more parental involvement than public schools. However, there are generally fewer minorities in private school than in public school. Also, the parents of exceptional children; whether the child is gifted or whether she needs special education services, generally find that private schools cannot give their child the services she needs. Finally, there's the cost of private education, which can easily run into the tens of thousands of dollars.

27. yes, I think that it is a good idea because in this case pupils can concentrate on the subject they are really interested.

28.  it is traditionally –7 years in our country. It’s the perfect age both emotionally and physically.

29. I don’t know for sure, it depends on a pupil himself, its aims and purposes in life, as well as his family, its 

status and further plans and priorities.

30. Nowadays more and more people think that pupils should take part in making decisions about their school life . Other people believe that pupils won`t be able to cope with such difficulties . Personallly I think that it is a good idea to allow pupils to participate in the management of the school. There is no doubt that every schoolchild should be aware of his/her significant role in life , and active participation in the school activities will teach them to gain experience and be successful in future. Some schools set up School Soviets which help the school staff solve different school problems. It will also help school pupils make up their mind in different situations.

31. Advantages

• Relatively economical.

• Equality of opportunity.

• We know whose work it is..

• Teaching staff are familiar with exams.

• Exams cause students to get down to learning

Disadvantages

• Students get little or no feedback about the detail of their performance, which is therefore a wasted as far as feedback is concerned.

having the chance to receive confirmation regarding the questions they answered well. Designing

• Badly set exams encourage surface learning, with students consciously clearing their minds of one subject as they prepare for exams in the next subject.

• Technique is too important.

• Exams only represent a snapshot of student performance, rather than a reliable indicator of it.

32. Technology can be used for assessment purposes at various levels ranging from the management of the assessment information to a fully automated assessment system. Using technology for the management of assessment information can enable information to be presented in different ways to meet the needs of different audiences (such as teachers, students, course organisers and external examiners). Not only the quality of presentation of reports but more importantly the range and scope of their content can be improved by utilising technology for this purpose. At the other extreme, in a fully automated assessment system all aspects of the system from the assessment which the student completes to the processing and administration of the marks, including the overall management of assessment information, is technology-based.